Management are not legally allowed to join unions. Department "Managers" are, but not actual salaried management who have the ability to discipline and hire.
It depends. Many department managers not all but a lot are union protected. I know the 4th and usually pic are union. However first second and third are salaried and not union protected. Same with office workers not union protected. It isnt uncommon to have managers step down because they are fed up with all the bs of a manager and the expectations expected of one.
99% of Kroger managers on ALL levels are nothing but corporate drones. Weak-minded "people" trained to: Give you more work than any human body is capable of with no extra pay. Some lame excuse as to why you should have been able to do said work. Spout this "TEAM" B.S. that died out in the 80's. Give piss poor excuses for why problems aren't fixed.
Most stores would operate far better with NO managers.